Based on available information, the device requires a SIM card for full functionality, including GPS positioning, as the official resources and user guides indicate that a working SIM card is needed for certain operations and to perform a factory reset. However, there is no explicit confirmation from the manufacturer’s official documentation that GPS positioning is completely disabled without a SIM card. For reliable GPS tracking and all features, it is recommended to use a SIM card. If you need absolute certainty, please consult the manufacturer’s official support or documentation.