In the 1960s, the E 03 series was developed as the strongest electric locomotive for passenger train service at the Deutsche Bundesbahn. From 1970 to 1974, a total of 145 series locomotives were built and officially designated as the 103.1 series. Visually, the 103s are still considered one of the most aesthetically pleasing electric locomotives today. Starting in 1987, with the new DB color concept, most of the locomotives were painted in Orient Red with a white bib below the front window.