The operation of battery-powered trains was introduced in Germany even before the First World War. The two-part battery-powered train of the "Wittfeld" design, with its batteries housed in the distinctive front sections, was in service until after the Second World War. After 1945, the Deutsche Bundesbahn began to re-examine this type of drive. The ETA 176, known as the "Limburger Cigar," made a name for itself, although only eight units were built. Starting in 1953, the more cost-effective ETA 150, which had roughly the same performance characteristics, was put into service in large numbers. A total of 232 units of the ETA 150 (designated series 515 from 1968) were built by 1965. Additionally, 216 control cars of the ESA 150 design (later series 815) were also put into operation.